Desafíos de los Sistemas de Tratamiento de Agua para Reducir Escenarios de Exposición e Ingesta Involuntaria de Fármacos a Través del Agua Potable
Abstract
Esta revisión crítica se centra en la discusión de la presencia de productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal (PPCP) en el agua cruda y potable y la baja eficiencia de las plantas de tratamiento de agua potable en la eliminación de estos microcontaminantes. La producción de agua potable segura y de alta calidad es un tema importante que representa uno de los desafíos más críticos de los últimos años. La presencia de Microcontaminantes, como PPPC, y su ingesta involuntaria a través del agua potable suponen importantes riesgos para la salud de la población. El elevado consumo de medicamentos por parte de la población para el tratamiento de enfermedades e infecciones ha exacerbado problemas ambientales y de resistencia bacteriana en diferentes contextos. Este tipo de problemas no ocurren a nivel local sino a nivel global. Un ejemplo de ello es la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha tenido un gran impacto en el mundo, aumentando el consumo de un grupo de medicamentos utilizados para enfrentar la enfermedad del coronavirus. De esta forma, se aumenta la probabilidad de encontrar estos fármacos en agua cruda y potable y, por tanto, también se incrementa el riesgo de mutación del virus y desarrollo de cepas resistentes a través de la exposición continua a los fármacos.
El sistema de tratamiento de agua potable podría ser una barrera importante para controlar la propagación y la ingesta involuntaria de drogas. Sin embargo, los limitados estudios en este campo sugieren que los sistemas convencionales de agua potable tienen una baja eficiencia para eliminarlos. Por lo tanto, es necesario incrementar el conocimiento sobre la presencia de estas drogas en fuentes de agua para consumo humano y las posibilidades de sistemas de tratamiento de agua potable para evitar la ingesta involuntaria de estas drogas a través del agua potable.
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References
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