Modelos de evaluación del impacto del cambio de uso del suelo en la seguridad alimentaria y la sustentabilidad: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/22484817.1372Palabras clave:
Seguridad alimentaria, Suelo, SustentabilidadResumen
Este artículo busca identificar los principales modelos de evaluación del impacto del cambio del uso del suelo sobre la seguridad alimentaria y la sustentabilidad a nivel mundial. Las tendencias obtenidas de la revisión bibliográfica permitieron reconocer la distribución geográfica, la tipología de los modelos más utilizados, el enfoque de aplicación y las variables asociadas. Esta revisión fue elaborada a partir de una búsqueda sistemática de artículos relacionados en cuatro bases de datos científicas y para un lapso de diez años (2013-2023). Los resultados muestran que el tipo de modelo con mayor tendencia de uso a nivel mundial es el CA-Marcov siendo Asia y África los continentes con más aplicación, especialmente en los enfoques asociados con la agricultura y el cambio climático. Se detecta también que para la construcción de modelos de evaluación del impacto del cambio de LandUse-Land-C over (LULC) sobre la seguridad alimentaria y la sustentabilidad, se utilizan preferentemente variables asociadas con cultivo (Q4), la cobertura urbana (Q3), la vegetación (Q3) y los cuerpos de agua (Q3). Estas variables están relacionadas con factores biofísicos (Q2), presión demográfica (Q2) y caminos o vías (Q1). Se evidencia que los modelos detectados involucran variables multidimensionales que permiten elaborar una representación y predicción de fenómenos asociados con los cambios de LULC, los cuales repercuten en el favorecimiento de escenarios alejados de la seguridad alimentaria y la sustentabilidad.
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