Identificación de las Características de Tras la Inactivación por Microondas Destinada a Recuperar Materiales Para Producir Madera Plástica
Abstract
En los hospitales en Colombia por lo general se realizan procesos de inactivación de los residuos sanitarios por gestores externos, los cuales son llevados directamente al relleno sanitario para cerrar el ciclo luego de retirar la carga biológica, lo cual con lleva a la generación de altas emisiones de CO2 no sólo por el proceso que se implementa, sino también por el transporte que esto implica. Es así como, en este trabajo se muestran los principales resultados del proceso de inactivación con una tecnología comercial de microondas, para la cual fue necesario correr 10 muestras de residuos sanitarios de diferentes áreas (cirugía, urgencias pediátricas, unidades de cuidados intensivos, hospitalización, etc), y evaluar la efectividad de la inactivación midiendo la presencia de microorganismos, los subproductos inactivados fueron caracterizados y analizados exhaustivamente para identificar su potencial como materia prima para madera plástica. También se determinó la huella de carbono asociada al transporte evitado a los lugares comunes fuera de las ciudades para inactivar altos volúmenes de residuos y a las emisiones posteriores acompañadas del vertedero final. En este sentido, se logró evidenciar que el proceso de inactivación es eficiente y permite el cumplimiento de la normatividad colombiana, ya que no se evidencia la presencia de microorganismos, además que en el proceso de caracterización se identificaron que los residuos contienen principalmente residuos plásticos y textiles lo que les permiten ser una buena alternativa para la obtención de madera plástica y el cierre de ciclo de dichos residuos. Finalmente, se logró evidenciar que el escenario 1 en el que se utilizó el Sterilwave, siendo sin duda la alternativa que menos emisiones genera en toneladas de CO2e.
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