Remote Work: Transformations and Tensions in Organizational Commitment And Job Satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/23463910.1363Keywords:
Well-being, management, innovation, staff.Abstract
Remote work has become a predominant employment modality as a result of technological advances and recent socioeconomic transformations. However, its expansion has generated tensions in organizational commitment and job satisfaction by altering the dynamics of interaction, control, and belonging within organizations. Objective: To analyze, through a systematic review, how remote work influences organizational commitment and job satisfaction, identifying the main factors that strengthen or weaken this relationship. Materials and Methods: The PRISMA model was applied to ensure transparency and rigor in the selection and analysis of studies. The search included international academic databases and focused on empirical research published between 2015 and 2025. Results: The findings indicate that job autonomy, flexibility, and technological support act as positive predictors of commitment and satisfaction, fostering productivity and well-being. In contrast, role ambiguity, digital overload, and social isolation were identified as risk factors that undermine organizational cohesion and the sense of belonging. Conclusion: The effectiveness of remote work depends on management strategies that promote clear communication, social integration, and work–life balance, while recognizing the diversity of contexts and work experiences. Contribution/originality: This study provides an updated and critical synthesis of empirical evidence on the relationship between remote work, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction, offering a conceptual foundation for the design of adaptive and sustainable organizational policies in hybrid or fully remote work environments.
Downloads
References
Agbanu, I. I., Tsetim, J. T., & Suleman, A. (2023). Flexible Work Arrangements and Productivity of Sales Representatives of Book Publishing Companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation in Marketing Elements, 3(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.59615/ijime.3.1.1
Alblihed, M., Alzghaibi, H. A. (2022). The Impact of Job Stress, Role Ambiguity and Work-Life Imbalance on Turnover Intention during COVID-19: A Case Study of Frontline Health Workers in Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health.19(20),13132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013132
Barkley, R. A. (1997). TDAH y la naturaleza del autocontrol. The Guilford Press.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. J Occup Health Psychol, 22(3), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2021). Why working from home will stick. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper No. 28731. https://doi.org/10.3386/w28731
Berger-Ploszaj, H. H., Rocha-Fernandes, B. H., Camou-Viacava, J.J., Nassar-Cardoso, A. (2025). Understanding the associations between “work from home”, job satisfaction, work-life balance, stress, and gender in an organizational context of remote work. Discover Psychology, 5, 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00342-7
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Wiley. New York.
Bobadilla-Yzaguirre, M. B., Rodríguez-Cairo, V. (2023). Protección del derecho a la desconexión digital: derecho fundamental o compromiso constitutivo. Revista Latinoamericana De Derecho Social, 1(37), 67–89. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487899e.2023.37.18540
Boccoli, G., Sestino, A., Gastaldi, L., & Corso, M. (2022). The impact of autonomy and temporal flexibility on individuals’ psychological well-being in remote settings. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 40(2), 327-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.7433/s118.2022.15
Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: the human cost of the computer revolution. Social Science Microcomputer Review, 4, 4.
Cai, Y. L. (2023). Strengthening perceptions of virtual team cohesiveness and effectiveness in new normal: A hyperpersonal communication theory perspective. Asian Bus Manage 22, 1649–1682. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-023-00225-6
Capone, V., Schettino, G., Marino, L., Camerlingo, C., Smith, A., & Depolo, M. (2024). The new normal of remote work: Exploring individual and organizational factors affecting work-related outcomes and well-being in academia. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1340094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340094
Chang, S.-ya. (2025). The Impact of Workforce Flexibility on Organizational Operations: Promoting Productive Employment. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(1), e03724. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n01.pe03724
Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E. (2018). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: a multidimensional approach. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886
Chim, J. M. Y., & Chen, T. L. (2023). Prediction of Work from Home and Musculoskeletal Discomfort: An Investigation of Ergonomic Factors in Work Arrangements and Home Workstation Setups Using the COVID-19 Experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043050
Collins, A. M., Hislop, D., & Cartwright, S. (2021). Social support in the workplace between teleworkers, office-based colleagues and supervisors. New Technology, Work and Employment, 31(2), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12065
Cruz-Ausejo, L., Copez-Lonzoy, A., Vilela-Estrada, A. L., Valverde, J. J., Bohórquez, M., Moscoso-Porras, M. (2023). ¿Can working at home be a hazard? Ergonomic factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders among teleworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 29(4), 1335-1344.
Davis, L. E. (1967). The Design of Jobs. Journal of Industrial Relations, 9(2), 119-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/002218566700900203
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 49(3), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Demerouti, E. (2023). Effective employee strategies for remote working: An online self-training intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 142, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103857
Derks, D., Van Mierlo, H., & Schmitz, E. B. (2014). A diary study on work-related smartphone use, psychological detachment and exhaustion: examining the role of the perceived segmentation norm. J Occup Health Psychol. 19(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035076
Díaz-Fúnez, P. A., Pecino, V., & Mañas, M. Á. (2016). Ambigüedad de rol, satisfacción laboral y ciudadanía organizacional en el sector público: un estudio de mediación multinivel. Revista de Psicología (PUCP), 34(2), 387-412. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.201602.007
Dulebohn, J. H., & Hoch, J. E. (2017). Virtual teams in organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 27(4), 569–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.12.004
El Kadri Filho, F., Lucca, S. R. (2023) Telework Conditions, Ergonomic and Psychosocial Risks, and Musculoskeletal Problems in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Occup Environ Med, 64(12), 811-817. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002704
Federació Catalana d’Associacions de Familiars i Afectats de TDAH (FCAFA – TDAH). (2018). TDAH, implicaciones laborales. Guía para empleadores. Barcelona, España. https://www.federaciocatalanatdah.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Guia-TDAH-para-empleadores.pdf
Fink, A. (2019). Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6),1524-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
Gašić, D., Berber, N., Slavić, A., Strugar Jelača, M., Marić, S., Bjekić, R., & Aleksić, M. (2024). The Key Role of Employee Commitment in the Relationship Between Flexible Work Arrangements and Employee Behavior. Sustainability, 16(22), 10067. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210067
Gibbs, M., Mengel, F., & Siemroth, C. (2023). Work from Home and Productivity: Evidence from Personnel and Analytics Data on Information Technology Professionals. Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics, 1(1), 7-41. https://doi.org/10.1086/721803
Grawitch, M. J., Lavigne, K. N., Koziel, R. J., & Cornelius, A. M. (2024). Remote work: More nuance and unknowns than broad generalizations. Consulting Psychology Journal, 76(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000257
Greimel, N. S., Kanbach, D. K., & Chelaru, M. (2023). Virtual teams and transformational leadership: An integrative literature review and avenues for further research. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), 100351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100351
Harunavamwe, M., Kanengoni, H. (2023). Hybrid and virtual work settings; the interaction between technostress, perceived organisational support, work-family conflict and the impact on work engagement. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 14(2), 252-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-07-2022-0306
Hill, N. S., Axtell, C., Raghuram, S., & Nurmi, N. (2022). Unpacking Virtual Work’s Dual Effects on Employee Well-Being: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 50(2), 752-792. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221131535
Jamaludin, N. L., Kamal, S. A. (2023). The Relationship between Remote Work and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Perceived Autonomy. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3(SI), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(SI).3453
Karasek, R., Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work. Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books.
Khaliq, A. A., Nisar, F., & Khalid, M. (2024). Virtual Leadership and Team Cohesion: Communication Quality as a Mediator and Team Diversity as a Moderator. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 8(2), 618–628. https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-II)54
Kniffin, K. M., Narayanan, J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P, Bakker, A. B., Bamberger, P., Bapuji, H., Bhave, D. P., Choi, V. K., Creary, S. J., Demerouti, E., Flynn, F. J., Gelfand, M. J., Greer, L. L., Johns, G., Kesebir, S., Klein, P. G., Lee, S. Y., Ozcelik, H., Petriglieri, J. L., Rothbard, N. P., Rudolph, C. W., Shaw, J. D., Sirola, N., Wanberg, C. R., Whillans, A., Wilmot, M. P., Vugt, M. V. (2021). COVID-19 and the workplace: Implications, issues, and insights for future research and action. Am Psychol, 76(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000716
Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. C. (2006). Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.002
Kunkel-Fioramonti, M. (2021). La pandemia invisible: reflexiones sobre la desigualdad de géneros en el teletrabajo. XIV Jornadas de Sociología. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. https://www.aacademica.org/000-074/148
Larrea-Araujo, C., Ayala-Granja, J., Vinueza-Cabezas, A., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2021). Ergonomic Risk Factors of Teleworking in Ecuador during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105063
Liz-Gutiérrez, J., Malagón-Castro, L., & Liz-Gutiérrez, M. (2024). Aproximación al síndrome de Burnout por teletrabajo en docentes universitarias. Educación y Humanismo, 26(47), 223-246. https://doi.org/10.17081/eduhum.26.47.6828
Mansilla-Izquierdo, F. (2011). Consecuencias del estrés de rol. Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo, 57(225), 361-370. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2011000400010
Martínez-Labrín, S., Bivort, B. (2024). Desigualdad digital y vida doméstica: la experiencia de mujeres chilenas teletrabajando durante la pandemia por covid-19. De Prácticas y Discursos. Cuadernos de Ciencias Sociales, 13(24), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.30972/dpd.13227800
Milaković, M., Koren, H., Bradvica-Kelava, K., Bubaš, M., Nakić, J., Jeličić, P., Bucić, L., Bekavac, B., Čvrljak, J., & Capak, M. (2023). Telework-related risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Front. Public Health. 11, 1155745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155745
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Moirano, R., Ibarra, L., Riera, V., & Baritoli, F. (2021). Impacto del teletrabajo y el aislamiento social en el estrés laboral: un diagnóstico preliminar para la Argentina. Escritos Contables y de Administración, 12(1), 72–102. https://doi.org/10.52292/j.eca.2021.2109
Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., & Ghislieri, C. (2019). Unsustainable Working Conditions: The Association of Destructive Leadership, Use of Technology, and Workload with Workaholism and Exhaustion. Sustainability, 11(2), 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446
Moreno-Colom, S. (2021). Impacto de género del teletrabajo: experiencias del confinamiento y recomendaciones para una futura regulación. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Centre d'Estudis Sociològics sobre la Vida Quotidiana i el Treball (QUIT). Barcelona, España. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/247598
Oakman, J., Kinsman, N., Stuckey, R., Graham, M., Weale, V. (2020). A rapid review of mental and physical health effects of working at home: how do we optimise health?. BMC Public Health 20, 1825. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09875-z
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Br. Med. J. 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pérez-Campdesuñer, R., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., García-Vidal, G., & Martínez-Vivar, R. (2023). Teleworking, a triangle of perceptions: Managers, workers and family members. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(102), 629-649. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.102.12
Petitta, L., Ghezzi, V. (2025). Disentangling the Pros and Cons of Flexible Work Arrangements: Curvilinear Effects on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. Economies, 13(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13010020
Qi, L., Xu, Y., Liu, B. (2023). Work out of office: how and when does employees' self-control influence their remote work effectiveness?. Frontiers Psychology, 14, 1265593. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1265593
Quintero-Rodríguez, J. O., Sifuentes-Ocegueda, E. L. (2021). La satisfacción laboral en condiciones de trabajo flexible en una empresa de telefonía móvil. Revista De Investigación En Tecnologías De La Información, 9(19), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.09.19.010
Raghuram, S., Garud, R., Wiesenfeld, B., & Gupta, V. (2001). Factors contributing to virtual work adjustment. Journal of Management, 27(3), 383-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700309
Rodríguez, M. C., Dabos, G. E. (2017). Gestión individual del equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida personal: revisión e integración de la literatura. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas: Investigación y Reflexión, 25(1), 219-242. https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.1055
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68
Singh, P., Bala, H., Dey, B. L., Filieri, R. (2022). Enforced remote working: The impact of digital platform-induced stress and remote working experience on technology exhaustion and subjective wellbeing. Journal of Business Research, 151, 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.002
Siitonen, V., Ritonummi, S., Salo, M., Pirkkalainen, H., & Mauno, S. (2025). Coping with technostress in the software industry: Coping strategies and factors underlying their selection. Journal of Systems and Software, 225, 112341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.112341
Tajfel, H., Turner, J.C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. En W.G. Austin y S. Worchel (Eds.): The Social Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks- Cole.
Toscano, F., & Zappalà, S. (2020). Social Isolation and Stress as Predictors of Productivity Perception and Remote Work Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Concern about the Virus in a Moderated Double Mediation. Sustainability, 12(23), 9804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239804
Tudu, B., Singh, S. (2023). Conceptualizing the moderating effects between work from home and individual performance – Developing a conceptual framework using the self-determination theory. Current Psychology, 42, 29149–29160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03950-x
Ulloa-Duque, G. S., & Araiza-Vázquez, M. de J. (2022). Percepción y Características del Teletrabajo por los empleados en el periodo Postpandemia. Vinculatégica EFAN, 8(4), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.29105/vtga8.4-340
Van-Zoonen, W., Sivunen, A. E. (2021). The impact of remote work and mediated communication frequency on isolation and psychological distress. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(4), 610–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.2002299
Veliz-Huanca, F. S., Mucha-López, D. C., & Guzmán-Meza, M. E. (2024). Trabajo remoto, estrés percibido y salud mental durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Vive Revista de Salud, 7(21), 894-908. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v7i21.347
Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1):16-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290
Weinert, C., Maier, C., Laumer, S., Weitzel, T. (2020). Technostress mitigation: an experimental study of social support during a computer freeze. Journal of Business Economics, 90, 1199–1249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-020-00986-y
World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Healthy and safe telework: Technical brief. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240040977
Yildizhan, H., Hosouli, S., Yılmaz, S. E., Gomes, J., Pandey, C., & Alkharusi, T. (2023). Alternative work arrangements: Individual, organizational and environmental outcomes. Heliyon, 9(11), e21899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21899
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Marlon Julio Vergara Monterroza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The author must review the editorial policy of the GEON Journal.
To increase their visibility, documents are sent to databases and indexing systems.
The content of the articles is the responsibility of each author and does not compromise, in any way, the magazine or the institution.
